Introduction

The formula for the Kardashev-Vestorp Energy Efficiency Parameter (KEEP) is:

KEEP = P / (ECE × CF × GE)

Where:

• KEEP = The capacity of the energy generation system (in watts).
• P = The total energy consumption of the civilization (in watts).
• ECE = Energy Conversion Efficiency of the energy generation system (decimal).
• CF = Capacity Factor of the energy generation system (decimal).
• GE = Grid efficiency (decimal).

Use this calculator by entering the values for each parameter. For very large numbers like 10¹⁶, use scientific notation (e.g., 1e16).